Tips For Dealing With PMDD

Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder (PMDD) is a problem I’ve always had but only justĀ became aware of.

Almost every person with ovaries experiences some form of PMS before their period — mood swings, acne, bloating, and fatigue — but PMDD is PMS in overdrive. The symptoms are so severe that some doctors even recommend taking SSRIs two weeks before your period starts.

 

What is PMDD?

It is essentially much severe PMS symptoms. The disorder affects up to an estimated 5% of people who get their periods. Hormonal and serotonin shifts during a period are normal, but doctors are not sure what precisely causes the difference in severity for some people with vaginas than others. During the menstruation cycle, PMDD symptoms include fatigue, depression, anxiety, mood swings, binge eating, and more.

 

Due to lack of widespread recognition of PMDD (you won’t learnĀ about it in most high school or college courses), I originally believed I felt depressed two weeks out of every month because it was a normal part of the ups and downs of life. Yet recently, I began to recognize that these feelings and symptoms reoccured in a pattern…

Symptoms would begin one to two weeks before I started my period, when I would start to notice changes in my mood. Normally I’d consider myself an optimistic person, however, when PMDD symptoms set in, I am overwhelmingly depressed. It is completely chemical — there is no particular situation that is making me sad or angry, I just am. It feels like I live under a blanket of anxiety and depression that can’t be lifted .The fatigue I experience cannot be fixed with large amounts of caffeine, I feel completely lifeless.Ā 

The problem with being chemically imbalanced during this time is that the hormonal disruptions set the soil for bad thoughts to grow. These negative thoughts only attract more of the same, and soon enough Iā€™m so buried in them it feels like Iā€™ll never come out of it.Ā 

These symptoms have caused problems with personal relationships because I feel like I have no control over my emotions. I avoid social functions because I have no desire to be around people because I’m afraid I will drain their energy and ruin the mood. When I experience these hormonal shifts, it feels like my identity is completely gone and I assume a different personality.Ā My entire perspective changes and things that I usually find exciting and stimulating suddenly seem dull. The usual things I feel confident about on a daily basis somehow turn into insecurities. Put simply, I don’t feel like myself or anyone near it.

Two weeks out of every month is a lot of time to deal with something that can make you feel so low. I constantly have to remind myself that these symptoms will pass.Ā 

Luckily, there are ways to deal with PMDD. Many doctors recommend taking antidepressants on the days that women experience symptoms. Personally, I’ve opted for the natural route by engaging in physical activity. Exercising will boost serotonin, a necessary chemical needed to help decrease PMDD symptoms. This is the first month I have tried consistently walking/running on the treadmill for at least 20 minutes, a few times a week. I can honestly say this month’s symptoms are less severe than those I’ve experienced within the past 8 months. So far, exercising is helping, but I am optimistic that as more awareness is brought to the disorder, more tried and true methods to relieve PMDD symptoms will be brought to light.Ā Had I onlyĀ known about this disorder years ago, I would’ve been able to reassure myself that this is just chemical, that Iā€™m not spiraling out of control for no reason.

Everyone isĀ different, but I’ve compiled some holistic tips for copingĀ with PMDD:

 

Stay away from caffeine.

Caffeine can heighten your anxiety symptoms.

 

Drink chamomile tea and otherĀ supplements.

PMDD can cause severe anxiety, and chamomile has been proven to naturally combat anxiousness.Ā Omega 3 supplements can also help balance hormones.

 

Steer clear ofĀ processed foods.

A lot of processed food contains additional hormones that may further disrupt the body’s natural hormone secretion, so it’s best to be cautious of what you eat when you’re experiencing symptoms. Try and stick to foods with healthy fats (avocados, fish, nuts, etc.), and maybe even go as far as taking a tablespoon of coconut oil each morning — it offers additional hormone balance.

 

Try to exercise.

Beyond the regular benefits from habitual physical activity, it also boosts your body’s serotonin levels — which can be crucial in combating depression brought on by PMDD symptoms.

 

Be kind to yourself.

Know your symptoms are not your fault and understand that your mental health can and will recover. Further demonizing your body and its reactions may exacerbate symptoms. These feelings aren’t permanent, and life will get better.

 

Ā 

For more information on Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, clickĀ here.

If you believe you may be suffering from PMDD, your first step is to speak with a medical professional.Ā 

 

Photos by Amanda Baker.Ā 

 

Love Is A Healing Game

If I could go back in time and stop my 16-year-old self from entering a mentally abusive relationship, I wouldnā€™t.

Although my wounds are healing still to this day, I learned so much about myself in the process that I wouldnā€™t have learned otherwise. I know it sounds a little fucked up, but that relationship taught me self-love and resilience. Healing from the pain of a toxic relationship can take years, even an entire lifetime, and it affected me in more ways than I ever couldā€™ve imagined.

During the relationship, I was addicted to the constant highs and lows. The intensity of the relationship made it feel so real. The highs were so high that I didnā€™t think twice about how low the lows were. The highs made the constant anxiety, disrespect, and manipulation worth it. With my anxious attachment style, I didnā€™t know better than to give my all to a relationship, no matter how unhealthy it was. And being at such a vulnerable age, I didnā€™t have the tools to detect the signs of emotional abuse. I thought the abuse was what real love was. My friends told me over and over again that the boy I was dating was a crazy, manipulative asshole, but I never believed them, not once. It eventually came to the point where I had to choose between my friends or him, and I chose him.

When I moved away to college, the emotional abuse became unbearable. The long distance pushed me to my breaking point. Iā€™d cry every night underneath my sheets so that my roommate wouldnā€™t hear. Iā€™d decline offers to go out just so that I wouldnā€™t have to carry the anxiety of a potential argument afterward. Going out with friends was a constant cause of arguments in our relationship. Heā€™d ridicule me for hanging out with my friends and compare himself to them. He didnā€™t want me to be happy without himĀ ā€”Ā heā€™d rather me live a life of sadness when we werenā€™t together. He wanted the distance to consume me, to eat me alive. I was so good at hiding the abuse with my friends. Iā€™d only express the highs and hide the lows. However, it got to the point where I was unable to hide it anymore.

I began to run out of excuses as to why I didnā€™t want to go out with friends. Stuck inside my head for most of each day, I was depressed and unable to help myself, and it finally started to show. I decided to swallow my pride and open up to my roommate about what I was experiencing. She was in awe of my experience because she had virtually no idea the pain I was going through.

As we talked, my roommateā€™s insight really opened my eyes to the reality of my abusive relationship. It seems like signs of abuse should be obvious, but when youā€™re in the middle of it, the lines become blurred. Abuse can warp your perceptionā€”to me, the abuse seemed like a form of love. I thought that he was saying abusive things because he loved me so much. I thought that he was controlling me because he wanted to keep me safe. I thought the nonstop communication between us was healthy, what people in relationships strive for.

When I finally was able to identify that I was in an abusive relationship, the idea of being in a worry-free, supportive relationship seemed so out of reach to me. I think it took me so long to see the abuse because I didnā€™t want to believe it. Iā€™m such a hopeless romantic that I wanted things to work, no matter how toxic it was. Throughout the duration of the relationship, I pushed all of my intrusive thoughts to the side. I never wanted to speak up for myself because I feared he would view me as unattractive or I would make the situation worse. Now I know how valuable speaking your mind is in a relationshipĀ ā€”Ā being honest and open is powerful, and you should never have to fear speaking your truth. My roommate helped me see whatā€™s right and wrong in a relationship. My experience in the abusive relationship has taught me to value the knowledge Iā€™ve gained, and my current relationship, so much more. I am so grateful for all that I left behind and all that I gained along the way.

Although leaving an emotionally abusive relationship can be extremely daunting, it is imperative in order to move forward. You cannot continue to live through the unnecessary pain inflicted upon you daily. There is so much good out there waiting for you in the world. I find it helpful to look at my experience in an abusive relationship as a lesson that made me into the person I am today. Leaving was draining, but I am so much stronger because of the abuse I endured and the lessons I learned along the way.

I still feel effects of the emotional manipulation on a day-to-day basis, but I can learn from them. When I experience irrational thought patterns, I make sure to take a step back and breathe. I ask myself why Iā€™m experiencing a particular feeling, and what I can take away from it. Iā€™m evolving into a better person every day. I choose to recognize that my experience has allowed me to become a more sensitive, passionate, and caring person.

I plan to continue to transform my pain into motivation to better myself and deepen my love for myself.

 

 

Photos (in order of appearance) by Noelle Lucceshi, Shannon Rudd, and Amanda Baker.

 

It’s Your Vulva Not Vagina

Raise your hand if you could correctly label a diagram of external female reproductive anatomy.

I know there are a few hopefuls thinking, ā€œYeah, I learned this in high school, I think I could do it,ā€ and even fewer still who are fully confident in their abilities. But if weā€™re being honest here, most peopleā€™s hands should be down. This isnā€™t to say that none of us paid attention in health class. Rather, itā€™s something that many of us were taught incorrectly, and some of us werenā€™t taught at all. So forget everything you think you know about the vagina; this is your comprehensive guide to external female anatomy and its role in sexual pleasure.

Letā€™s begin with the most elusive organ: the vagina.

Correct me if Iā€™m wrong, but most of you would have most likely labeled this on your diagrams as either the small slit within the folds of the labia minora (the inner lips; weā€™ll touch more on this later, no pun intended) or in reference to the entire external edifice. Both of these answers would be incorrect. The vagina is actually located inside the body. Itā€™s the elastic organ that does most of the work during intercourse, either expanding or contracting to hug the inserted object (i.e. penis, fingers, sex toy, etc.). So, what is the proper name for the slit on the external diagram? Technically speaking, this is called the vaginal opening. But keep in mind that the vagina is, in fact, an internal organ.

I know, shocking.

If this is the case, then why does society most commonly refer to the entire anatomical structure as the vagina? The truth is, no one knows. There is no evidence to show where the societal shift occurred from calling the external ā€œvaginaā€ by its proper name, vulva. Perhaps itā€™s simply the phonics of the word ā€” vagina seems to have more of a ring to it than vulva, donā€™t you think?

Or maybe weā€™ve just been conditioned to think that because the transition just happened and nobody thought to change it back? One thing is for sure: if youā€™re seeking anatomical correctness, you might want to start referring to what you thought were ā€œvaginasā€ as vulvas. It turns out that possessing this knowledge may actually help you improve your skills in the bedroom. The more you know, right?

The vulva lies just beneath the mons pubis, or the pubic mound. This is more commonly understood as the ā€œtop of the vaginaā€ ā€” again, this is somewhat of a misconception. The mons pubis is essentially just layers of fatty tissue which lie on top of the pubic bone in order to protect the more sensitive area below. This is also where pubic hair grows.

Starting from the top down, the vulva is comprised of the clitoris, clitoral hood, clitoral glans, labia majora, labia minora, urethral opening, vaginal opening, perineum, and even the anus. Clearly, thereā€™s a lot going on here, so letā€™s break it down and make it just a bit more fun by discussing the role of these structures in arousing sexual pleasure.

Ah, the clitoris: illusory to most, remarkable to all. Like the vagina, perhaps even more so, the clitoris is commonly mistaken for an external organ. Now, this isnā€™t entirely false, since the clitoral hood (the flap of skin covering what most people mistake for the clitoris) and the clitoral glans (the pearl-shaped external part of the clitoris, often confused as the entire organ) are located on the outside of the body. The majority of the clitoris, however, is actually located on the inside of the vulva, and extends beneath the folds of the labia, up to around 5-7 inches in length. Note that this is also the size of the average erect penis; just like a penis, the clitoris may become engorged with blood in anticipation of intercourse. So, next time youā€™re looking to pleasure yourself or your partner with a vulva, remember to focus your attention not only on the portion of the clitoris that is visible, but also on the parts which you cannot see. This can be accomplished by simply stroking the area at a speed which makes you or your partner feel comfortable, activating the nearly 8,000 nerve endings within this extremely sensitive area. No matter how you go about achieving clitoral stimulation, remember that approximately 75% of people with vulvas require additional stimulation other than straight-forward intercourse in order to reach orgasm.

That being said, the clitoris is not the only sensitive part of the vulva. The labia majora and minora, otherwise known as the outer and inner lips, are also extremely sensitive and often overlooked during sexual arousal. These folds are made of soft, thin tissue meant to protect the vagina and internal reproductive system. Due to increased blood flow to the area during arousal, the labia may also become swollen and more responsive. It is important not to leave this area behind during stimulation; engaging the entirety of the external genitalia may increase the likelihood of orgasm altogether. Make sure to ask yourself or your partner what feels good!

Another titillating area to explore is the perineum. This is the small patch of skin located beneath the vaginal opening, just above the anus. If youā€™re not quite ready to engage the anus, this is a good place to start. Massaging or stroking the area can be pleasurable as it is rich in nerve endings. Again, when trying new things, always remember to check with your partner first.

Letā€™s tackle the idea that masturbation can decrease the sensitivity of the clitoris and other female erogenous zones. This is not only completely false, but also yet another misconception that perpetuates the disparity of the orgasm gap. Experiencing orgasm, no matter how frequently, should be celebrated. It has no harmful effects on the female body, in fact it is actually proven to be beneficial for heart health and overall well-being. Vulva anatomy differs from one individual to the next, meaning that each and every person with a vulva may experience the sensation of orgasm differently, which is totally normal. Not to mention, it is physically harder for people with vulvas to reach orgasm due to the complexity of their genitalia, and a general lack of knowledge in society about how to navigate these complexities.

So now, armed with your newfound understanding of the vulva, you can go out into the world knowing not only how to correctly label an anatomical diagram ā€” but also how to successfully pleasure yourself and a partner!

 

Illustration by Lucy Han, and photos by Nate Jerome.Ā 

 

Is Weed Dick Real?

“Whiskey Dick,” as many of us like to call it, is the inability to get erect after a night of heavy drinking. We’ve all talked about this before, but what about weed dickĀ ā€” does marijuana play a role in our performance during intercourse?

To find out, I interviewed a long list of KAAST readers about their experiences mixing sex and weed.Ā The first thing I wanted to know was whether or not being under the influence made intercourse better or worse. Of course, the answers varied.

“For me personally, I think that weed helps me to settle down before having sex. Sometimes I feel like I can get too into my head and weed helps to to relax and enjoy the experience,” says an anonymous interviewee. They also admitted toĀ  “being more tired, overcoming cotton mouth, and sometimes getting distracted,” but other than these few minor factors, they claim that marijuana has not impacted their sex life very much and that “Weed Dick” does not necessarily pertain to them.

Cotton mouth is the excessive dryness in your mouth that commonly accompanies smoking, which can also cause making-out to be an issue. One female reader says, “Yes, I get cotton mouth all the time and itā€™s not exactly a treat to make out with. He and I have been together a long time so thereā€™s no shame in being like I needĀ a glass of water. I also will get Ā ā€˜cotton mouthā€™ in my vagina. It can really dry me out sometimes which is no fun but the re-lubrication process is easy ā€” so no harm, no foul.”

I was fortunate enough to have one reader email me with two perspectives: one from them, and the other from their significant other.

In regards to the first question about whether or not smoking has a positive or negative influence on their sex life, I got two answers. The first was, “I would say it makes my performance better with the one caveat that sometimes I lose track of what Iā€™m doing. But I usually recover pretty quickly I think.” Meanwhile their partner added, “Weed dick is real yā€™all. Unlike whiskey dick, with weed dick I feel more sensations than sober, get harder, and last longer (well, that last part is the same as whiskey dick, but not as sloppy and again ā€” with more feeling). The only potential negative for me is, if Iā€™m too high, I think about weird ass shit constantly.”

Everyone’s body reacts to weed differently. Some may be able to handle it well and others may drift off, which can, of course, have consequences during sex. Although, while Whiskey Dick can lead to struggles getting and maintaining an erection, it doesn’t seem like Weed Dick has the same association.

Being under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol could impact each person differently. One reader said of their partner, “He could only get hard when he was high. I guess it relaxed him to a point where he wasnā€™t so much in his head… So for the two months we had a thing, we could only have penetrative sex while he was high.” In this subjectā€™s sexual relationship with their hook-up, weed was crucial to intercourse. In other words, it was the complete opposite of Whiskey Dick for their partner.

Another trend in the discussion of Weed Dick is how calm most people feel when getting into intercourse while high. “Before intercourse, I feel happy when Iā€™m stoned. There have been times, though, where we get too stoned and end up falling asleep instead of having sex. My body is more relaxed and I feel like Iā€™m able to open up more when Iā€™m stoned,” confessed one interviewee.

Along the same lines of calmness, people spoke of an increased sense of intimacy that comes with mixing weed and sex together. One person said, “It definitely takes me longer to finish when Iā€™m high. Itā€™s a weird mix of stuff ā€” everything feels so good I want to hold on to the feeling longer, sometimes my mind goes off to a weird place…”

Another man in a M/F relationship said, “My best guess would be that smoking makes me finish faster. There is just so much more raw emotion, and since I’m under the influence, I don’t think about holding off for a longer session; I just want us both to keep that good feeling forever.” He also added, “We have significantly less sex when Iā€™m smoking and the sex is more wholesome (more intimacy and smiling and giggling) and I feel quite a bit more connected to my partner because we take our time while high.”

This idea of intimacy and closeness during intercourse may be because of the increased sensitivity that oneā€™s body often feels when high (as mentioned by many contributors to the article), which makes each partner want to feel touched and groomed during intercourse. One of my favorite quotes from the flood of Weed Dick emails I received was, “I literally canā€™t think of any dick related problems related to weed. If anything, I could imagine someone becoming dependent on weed for sex. Itā€™s the millennialā€™s viagra,” one reader wrote. According to this relationship, weed is the holy grail of their sex life. Ā 

So, to sum up my investigation, it seems that Weed Dick does not equal Whiskey Dick. In fact, they are on two different ends of the spectrum. Whiskey Dick makes intercourse nearly impossible when trying to get erect, but from the plethora of feedback received from our readers, weed seems to have quite the opposite effect. However, something I also concluded from the information I received was that marijuana can make it more difficult for a person with a vagina to cross the finish line during intercourse while high. Many women told me that they drift off and cannot stay focused on the foreplay/sex while stoned.Ā 

According to what I’ve experienced and have been told, weed can be a wonderful addition to one’s sex life, with the exception of a few people stating that weed puts themselves or their sexual partner in a strange mood/head space that alters the way they act during intercourse (moody, angry, distant). As always, remember that each person reacts to drugs differently. Before going into intercourse with someone under the influence of any drink or substance (and just in general), ask for consent!

You want to make sure each partner is ready, consenting, and comfortable with their current mental stateĀ ā€” whatever that may be.Ā 

 

First two photos are by Kama Snow, and the final photo is by Noelle Lucchesi.Ā 

 

Of Men And Meat

If youā€™re wondering if we gender food, just google ā€œman eating.ā€ You’ll find dudes shoving burgers down their throats. Now google ā€œwoman eating.ā€ Salads abound. From these stock images, one would think that women pretty much eat only cubes of fruit and iceberg lettuce while laughing into their forks.

On one level, these search results might seem more indicative of female diet culture than of menā€™s diets; weā€™re more likely to view a diet of solely salad as a trendy fad than we would a diet of largely meat. Thatā€™s because we already assume that eating massive quantities of meat is the norm. I mean, the average American ate 198 pounds of meat in the year 2014 compared to the world average of about 91 pounds. We are a meat-centric society and, despite the growing number of very vocal plant-based folk, meat consumption is soaring (annual meat consumption per person in the U.S. was predicted to be to 222 pounds for the year of 2018). America is increasingly meat-obsessed, so why arenā€™t both women and men on Google Images chowing down steaks? Why is meat so connected to men?

We could, of course, approach it from a naĆÆve ā€œfirst humansā€ perspective: men are hunters, women are gatherers. But even if that perspective is anthropologically accurate, itā€™s strange that the association has lived on, considering the only spears most men wield now are the sticks inside their corn dogs. According to a study done by the Vegan Society, 63%Ā  of vegans identify as female, while 37% identify as male. This divide is slightly more even but still apparent in vegetarians, with 41% of vegetarians in the U.S. identifying as male. Men arenā€™t hunting animals as a means to survive anymore, but there still seems to be an inextricable link between meat consumption and masculinity.

We seem to think that meat upholds this idealized conception of manhood, but in today’s capitalist world, this sentiment has only allowed men to become prey for meat corporations. Take Burger Kingā€™s ā€œI Am Manā€ commercial from 2007: men taking to the streets and refusing to ā€œsettle for chick food.ā€ The commercial ends with the statement ā€œEat like a man, man.ā€ The message is that maleness is predicated on consuming meat manufactured by a corporation (Burger King). In the same way that beauty narratives tell women they need x product to be truly beautiful, our society has posed meat consumption as something integral to manhood. It also sets up yet another way to pit women against one another, as some women use misogynist food narratives to their favor by asserting theyā€™re not like a ā€œtypical woman.ā€ The girl who gets a burger on the first date is a cool, one-of-the-guys kind of girl, while the girl who eats a salad is overly concerned with her figure or too girly. If thereā€™s anything more American than meat, itā€™s misogyny!

I wanted to see what masculine people had to say about meat. Did they notice the emphasis on meat eating in America, or was I driving myself crazy over nothing? To George, who I knew in high school and struggle to call a man rather than a boy, ā€œmeat means protein and gains. Thatā€™s about all that comes to mind.ā€ From what I gathered during our brief conversation, George seems to work out a lot now, which was why he described himself as ā€œparticularly masculine.ā€ He and his frat brothers apparently all eat a lot of meat and work out together; to them, the protein they get from meat translates directly into masculine ā€œgainsā€ and enormous pulsing man muscles. Meat means gains, gains mean masculinity, so by transitive property of frattiness, meat means … masculinity, I guess.

Although Georgeā€™s brief, no-nonsense answers were helpful, I was able to pull a lot more out of my friend Joe. He pointed out that ā€œwhen male-identifying people grow up, we learn that eating meat makes you strong and tough.” Joe also noticed a lot of coded meat messages growing up, like the ā€œassociations you see on TV and commercials with meat and ā€˜manlinessā€™ and being a ā€˜big tough manā€™ā€ or how ā€œeating my first Big Mac definitely felt like a weird male rite of passage.ā€

Joe and another former high school classmate of mine, Patrick*, also noticed the ways in which meat-related slang is tied to masculinity. There are a lot of typically masculine meat-related idioms: two people in a fight have ā€œbeef.” If you ā€œbeat your meatā€ youā€™re masturbating a penis; if you get wild youā€™re ā€œgoing hamā€; the list goes on and on. Joe and Patrick recalled a few more good ones, like ā€œsausage festā€ and ā€œbeef up.ā€ Joe got on a roll once he started, sending me multiple messages:

1:39 PM: “Choke the chicken” as a euphemism for masturbation/
3:22 PM: I’ve also heard a womanā€™s butt referred to as “booty meat.”
9:35 PM: I just remembered the term “meathead,” I hear that a lot to refer to a muscular male who is unintelligent.

So yeah, thereā€™s a lot of slang, although Patrick told me, ā€œI’ve always thought that meat as a euphemism for dick was kind of unsettling, because meat is something that gets bitten off chewed and digested and I want exactly none of that associated with my dick.ā€ I was unsettled by something else: when we associate meat with the penis and muscle, where does that leave vegetarian and vegan men? Are they stripped of ā€œmanhoodā€ because of their dietary choices? Can you be manly without meat?

Thereā€™s increasing evidence that you can. Notable “manly” vegans include famed quarterback and activist Colin Kaepernick, ā€œJackassā€ stuntman Steve-O, and NFL star Tony Gonzalez. If male athletes are beefing up without beef, then how are they asserting their masculinity outside of our consumer emphasis that meat is male? I asked professional vegan fitness trainer Korin Sutton. Korin isnā€™t just fit; heā€™s built. A recent photo he posted on Instagram claims he has only 5% body fat, and thatā€™s not hard to believe. He thinks that men eat more meat than women only because theyā€™re raised to believe that men eat more meat, thus creating a cycle where men eat meat to uphold a norm. Since going vegan, Sutton says heā€™s ā€œglad that my mindset has changed and realized that food has no gender roles.ā€ You donā€™t have to be a typical ā€œmanā€ to fall prey to our societyā€™s fixation on meat. Whether youā€™re a little masculine or a lot masculine, youā€™re still subject to masculinity standards.

But where does this association become fuel for toxic masculinity and male aggression? Considering that few people kill the food they eat, men are more likely hunting for Tyson coupons than hunting for wooly mammoths. But all it takes is a glance at the news to confirm that male aggression is alive and well. To be clear, Iā€™m not blaming meat for this; male violence has been excused and upheld by our society for hundreds of years, and itā€™s not as if plant-based men are removed from that structure. Male aggression isnā€™t based on meat, but dominance; the same dominance that meat consumption relies on.

Is the problem meat itself, or how we eat it? If we changed the way we consume meat, then maybe some of those man/beast dichotomies would start to fall apart. If we ignore the way food informs our decisions and attitudes, weā€™re also ignoring how it perpetuates toxic ideals in our culture.

For a country so obsessed with eating, we donā€™t seem to actually think about food much. Weā€™re constantly inundated with food advertisements and Tasty videos and pictures on Instagram, but we fail to seriously acknowledge issues like the obesity epidemic or cardiac arrest-related deaths or eating disorders. We cling to labels like ā€œfree-rangeā€ or ā€œcage-freeā€ without learning what that really means, or fixate on ā€œcleanā€ or ā€œcruelty-freeā€ eating. The ethical food movement may urge us to stop eating so much meat, but it is still wrapped up in the stereotypes that characterize the way we masculinize meat. Labeling some foods as ā€œcleanā€ implies others are ā€œdirty”, which is classist, shame-y, and dangerous.

Once we use our food as a way to inform and fill out our identities, it becomes a fixed element in our lifestyle. Treating foods as central to our identity makes sense when it comes to cultural foods and ethnic culinary traditions, but using meat-eating to boost our identity in terms of fitness or gender or sexuality by over-emphasizing it as a necessary staple is not sustainable. Not only have we made it normal to eat way too much meat and emasculating for men who refuse to do so, weā€™ve tossed out the habit of an incredibly varied and ever-changing diet that our bodies need to thrive.

Weā€™ve twisted one of the most basic parts of being human into a way we abuse ourselves and others. If we canā€™t examine what sustains us physically, how the hell are we supposed to examine what sustains us mentally, emotionally, or spiritually? Taking a closer look at not just what we eat, but how we eat and why we eat it, is crucial to living that Socratic examined life.

So how do we convince people to pay attention to what they eat without conflating certain foods with certain characteristics in a way that upholds the same toxic standards that pit people against each other and the planet?

I donā€™t know, but itā€™s certainly something to chew on.

 

Photos by Alexa Fahlman.

 

Interview With A Doula

Humans have been giving birth at home for thousands of years. Despite all the advances in modern medicine, there are still scores of women today who opt for delivering their babies in private settings rather than at a hospital.Ā 

Jalisha Hanshaw, 23, is a certified doula living in upstate New York. She goes to school for Health Service Administration and Women Studies at CUNY Lehman College. I had the chance to talk to Jalisha about what it means to be a doula. Below is an edited transcript of our discussion.

 

Can you start by explaining what a doula is?

Hanshaw: A doula is basically a birth worker. We help women through pregnancy, birth, and even postpartum. We don’t deliver [the baby]; we’re usually there for emotional and mental support. So whenever they need any help like with anxiety or getting through the whole birthing process, we’re there to help them get through it mentally and emotionally.

 

Can you differentiate between a midwife and a doula?

A midwife actually has the certification to perform the birthing process. It’s basically an assistant to the doctor. Basically we’re there aside the midwife, but we don’t even have to be with a midwife, we can be there just assisting the mother [in] get through the birthing process. The difference between the two is that they’re certified and we’re not certified to perform birth, so we’re there just for the support. A lot of women don’t know the difference.

 

Can you talk about how your interest in this began?

My dad is actually a RN [registered nurse] at a hospital in New York City. One day my mom and I were going to pick up my dad and we were standing outside, and this lady and her husband pulled up in a minivan and she’s like, about to give birth. She didn’t really speak any English, and my mom speaks a little Spanish, she’s bilingual, so she was helping talking to her about the situation and trying to calm her down. I was rubbing her back and I felt so bad for her, she didn’t have any support. In that moment I was like, You know what? I really like doulas. I like helping woman through birth and their pregnancy and postpartum.

Also, I go to school for health service administration so I have a little bit of a background in human resources and why it’s important to always help people.

 

What was your training like?

I actually found the doula certification training through Instagram. Her name is Latham Thomas and she has her own organization called Mama Glow. I signed up for that and it was located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. It’s a three day training and there are so many women who come to this event from all over the United States, from different countries. We’re usually there sitting in a circle. She’s a certified doula, she has a lot of connections to other people like acupuncturists and physicians.

The first day she’s actually teaching us about the anatomy of the woman’s body and what the body actually looks like before, during, and after pregnancy. So we’re learning about the science behind pregnancy and birth. The second day it’s more of like a holistic outlook. The third day is more about why it’s important to have a doula, so it’s more informative.

 

What’s the environment like where you work? Are you doing a lot of home births?

It’s really up to the mother. I live in upstate New York so a lot of woman do not know what a doula is, so they already have a birth plan. There aren’t a lot of places where I live where there are water births, home births, and access to midwives. A lot of women do just go to the hospital. I’m into virtual ā€” a lot of women like their private births, so most of the time I’m on FaceTime with them. I haven’t actually been to the hospital with a mother yet just because they’re still unsure of the whole point of having a doula.

 

How do you think living here in New York affects what you do and the type of women you work with?

What I notice is there’s a big social disparity between different types of women. I feel like I have more access to white women than I do with people of color just because a lot of Caucasian women already have a lot of support from their families, their friends, versus someone who is Black ā€” they don’t have as much support. So they experience more anxiety, more cesarean sections, and stuff like that.

I really try to target those populations ā€” not saying I don’t target Caucasian women ā€” you should never just target one population because everyone is different. But I notice that I do actually have to focus on those populations that don’t get those services. Today, I came from my orientation for maternal depression where we’re going to different boroughs of New York City that suffer from those social disparities. I’m looking forward to that because then I can actually get to know different types of women, understand their struggles, and why they don’t have a lot of support.

 

I know that the maternal mortality rate for women of color is higher [than that of white women]. Do you think that having access to doulas and people supporting them would help change that?

It starts with healthcare providers; they are the frontline to the patients. Having a lot of support is important, but having the knowledge and information about those resources comes from the healthcare provider. So I feel like doctors and midwives and social workers, everyone involved in the healthcare system needs to understand that they have to do their work, as well. I need to target those populations that struggle with maternal mortality, which is highest among African Americans.

The lady who gave me my certification is going around the country talking to residents [doctors and physicians], about how they need to interact with those communities. I think it’s important hearing it from the doula and midwife because for centuries, even before doctors and OB-GYNs existed, these people have been helping [others] give birth for thousands of years and have the most knowledge. That’s why we as people, as healthcare providers need to learn from them. They have so much knowledge about giving birth and pregnancy and postpartum.

 

Can you talk a little about your responsibilities with the women you work with?

The woman I work with right now suffers from severe anxiety. She’s almost due, so I’m trying to figure out the best ways to bring down her anxiety [with] different essentials oils, prenatal yoga.

Anxiety comes from stress. This is her first child, [so this anxiety] is very common. People who have children their first time are very scared and they don’t know what to expect. She has a lot of support from her husband, and we’re starting to do sleeping hypnosis on her, which relaxes the mind before she goes to bed. Affirmations are something good, too, like a poem or something to read to her while she’s giving birth. Also breathing techniques. Acupuncture induction is good, too, because Pitocin [a drug that helps the uterus contract during labor] is kind of dangerous because when that happens, they’re not able to feel themselves pushing out the child and that can cause blood clots. Doing holistic and natural remedies is the best way to go, especially for someone who’s high risk.

 

That was something that I found so interesting. I heard about hypnosis and how that can totally change how a woman thinks. They can go into their pregnancy and the birthing process with a completely different mindset, and that can actually relieve the pain. These holistic practices are something you learn during training?

Yeah, between those three days she actually had some acupuncturists come in and teach us how to induct the mother if she’s like 40, 41 weeks. A lady named Kimberly ā€” she’s in charge of birth consulting ā€” she came and introduced her book to us. I’m actually taking a birth consulting class in May, so I’m going to be learning more about that. That’s a separate certification so I’m trying to get that as well so I can learn more about how to help mothers, because the most important thing is that she comes back to [a healthy] mindset after. A lot of women go into postpartum depression because of a lack of support and not understanding how their body is now versus before [birth].

 

Do you ever talk to mothers, either while their pregnant or postpartum about sex?

Yeah, that’s really important. Having sex during your birth is actually encouraged because the more you’re open and aroused the faster the process is.

 

Wait, during the actual birth?!

They suggest it. Not actual intercourse, but being aroused is another way of opening up. Another reason why some people have C-sections is because they’re so tense. It’s hard for the baby to come out of the vagina because she’s so tense. So that’s why it’s so important to have, like I said before, a lot of support, especially from the partner or the husband, whoever is there whoā€™s been supporting her since the beginning [of the labor process] is very important. And that’s why it’s important to have a doula because some people just don’t have that support.

 

What’s something you wish everyone could know about being a doula or pregnancy and childbirth, in general?

I wish people were more open to holistic things. Ever since the start of the 19th century when OB-GYNs and medicine were introduced, [thereā€™s] been a change, especially for women.

I feel like we should really focus on how to use natural things instead of medicine, because medicine is not always the answer. Half of the time you don’t even have to use medicine. If you have a headache, for example, or you have menstrual cramps. You can simply take a walk. These [are] things people don’t know, and I think it’s important that they do. Especially communities, like I said before, that aren’t informed about alternative solutions.

 

What’s a personal goal you have in this field?

I want to see everyone go through a natural birth. I don’t want anyone to say, “I had to have a C-section. I had to take…” Even my mother, she practically almost died giving birth to my brother because of the simplest complications that could’ve been solved. It’s terrible to hear those things and I feel like a lot of those things could be resolved if people were given the right information and people were given the support.

 

So you haven’t witnessed an actual birth?

Not yet, I just got my certification in October, so between that time and now I was searching for women who were 5-6 months pregnant. I have a few clients right now, I have one that’s going to be delivering on February 24th, and then one who’s due June 4th. Right now I’m working with them. I’m really excited for February 24, because she wants me to physically be there ā€” which is very different because a lot of women, once I tell them that I have to be there to witness the birth, it’s like, “Oh, never mind. I want it to be personal.” Which is fine, everyone is different, but knowing someone wants me to be there and wants that support is very exciting.

 

That’s so cool. Are there any resources you would recommend to people who are interested in becoming a doula, or who are interested in the services you provide?

People can email me or DM me on Instagram if they have any questions about fertility, having a doula, postpartum. I’ll be more certified in that section in the Spring [of 2019]. If they’re interested, they can email me at mynamesjalisha@gmail.com.

 

 

For more information on the services a doula provides, click here. You can follow Jalisha on Instagram here.Ā 
Photos of Jalisha taken her brother, Jamont Hanshaw.Ā 

 

Making Peace With A Bad Childhood

For me, childhood was a broken constellation of discontent. I am still trying to piece together the shapes formed by the fragments ofĀ my memory. Thoughts come to me in bursts. Every particle of the story swirls around, shifts, changes form. Nothing is stagnant.

Our earliest ideas of love come from the people who raise us. The powerful sensitivity of words, the comfort of touch, the complexity of building a home together ā€” these are things we can only learn through human interaction. Usually, it is our parents who teach us these lessons. And sometimes, what we’re taught gives us a strange conception of love.

My parents werenā€™t around very much when I was growing up. My mother was finishing her PhD and my father was busy with the family company. Caregivers came and went from my life. I had babysitters, after-school programs, grandparents, etc., etc. I didnā€™t spend enough time with any of the adults in my life to develop deep attachments.

From the ages of five to six, I wrote notes to my mother, nearly every single day. She has them taped up on the walls of her home office now, half-hidden amidst her piles of academic papers. She didnā€™t mention them to me for years. When I finally rediscovered my notes half a decade after the time of their composition, my mother told me, with an innocent smile, how much they had meant to her. How they had helped her feeling connected to me even when she wasnā€™t home.

Part of me is grateful she kept them. More of me is hurt, bitter, confused. If she had the time to decorate, why couldnā€™t she have said something to me sooner?

My parents used to call me ā€œhugbyā€ when I was a toddler because I liked to hug people so much. This will probably come as a surprise to anyone who knows me today. I am many things, but physically affectionate is not one of them.

I feared touch for a long time. Part of it may be a cultural thing. I grew up in Japan, a country not particularly known for its fondness of physical contact. Then again, I am half-American, westernized, non-traditional. There must be other reasons for why touch feels like a foreign entity to me.

I donā€™t remember my hugby days. In my earliest memories, my parents and I are already in separate worlds. I fear my father for reasons that will only become clear to me years later. My mother only pays attention to me when I disappear from the room. They do not kiss me goodnight. When they hold my hand, I pull back so hard that I habitually dislocate my arm. If I was born a hugger, what happened to me after?

The first and only time I tried to run away from home, I was seven years old. In my mind, I had it all figured out. I packed a few daysā€™ worth of clothes, all of the money I had, a toothbrush, my DS, a flashlight, and my favorite stuffed animal (an anthropomorphic elephant wearing a plaid jumpsuit,Ā very chic). I would pretend to go to bed 9 p.m., but then rise again at 11 p.m. to make my escape. Where would I head? A nearby tunnel ā€” dingy but sturdy, able to protect me from the elements. Iā€™d read a memoir about homelessness so I knew what I was about.

I couldnā€™t sleep that night. I lay in bed staring at the ceiling, counting down the minutes until I could make my way to freedom. As the clock finally struck eleven, I gently peeled off my covers and placed my feet onto the floor. I then tiptoed over to my desk and, as quietly as I could, opened one of the drawers to look for my keys.

ā€œHey, what are you doing?ā€ A sleepy voice rang out in the darkness. I looked back. My half-brother had been staying in my room for the past few days. Apparently I hadnā€™t been quiet enough because he was now sitting up and rubbing his eyes.

ā€œNothing!ā€ I said in a loud whisper, nearly a shout in the silence of night. I slammed my desk drawer shut and climbed into bed, cursing my unwise choice of day.

Normalcy is ill-defined. We call only what we have experienced ā€œnormal.ā€ How many people must experience the same event for it to be considered normal?

I think I was eleven when I realized I had never said the words ā€œI love youā€ to anyone. The realization came when I heard one of my friends talking to her mother on the phone. The one-sided conversation consisted mostly of uh-huhs and yes/no’s, but a set of words stood out to me.

ā€œI love you too.ā€ With that, my friend promptly hung up the phone. I did not even think to hide my astonishment as I asked her, ā€œWhat? You just say that? Like, after the end of a call?ā€

ā€œYou mean ā€˜I love youā€™?ā€

I nodded.

ā€œYeah, I mean, itā€™s nice, you know, to remind each other of that.ā€ Pause.Ā ā€œDonā€™t you do that with your parents?ā€

ā€œNo, I donā€™t.ā€ Longer pause. ā€œIs that normal?ā€

My first girlfriend was much older than me, older than I care to admit now. She kissed me first (my very first kiss), liked kissing me, at times very delicatelyĀ and at other times like there was nothing else. I only remember kissing back a handful of times. Not because I didnā€™t like her but because I had learned a while ago that sometimes pulling away gets you more than remaining close. She let me stay over when I was too scared to stay home. I always left before morning so my parents wouldnā€™t find out.

I was fifteen when I decided that I wanted more of a family. It took hours of convincing myself and several deep breaths, but I managed to walk myself over to the couch where my father was sitting. He was watching a video on his phone, completely oblivious to me.

ā€œDad,ā€ I said. He kept looking at his phone. ā€œDad,ā€ I repeated. He waited several more seconds before pausing the video at an opportune point. He looked up, seemingly confused. I understood why. This didnā€™t usually happen, this whole me-talking-to-him business.

I sat down next to him. ā€œDad, Iā€™ve been thinking a lot lately and I ā€” well, I donā€™t feel like we ever really talk. And Iā€™d like that to change. I really would. But I donā€™t feel like I can.ā€ Deep breath. ā€œSo I was wondering if youā€™d be willing to try therapy. So we could, you know, learn to communicate. And all that.ā€

My voice sounded too staggered. I bit my tongue as soon as Iā€™d managed to spit out the words Iā€™d planned. My father remained silent too long for my comfort. But in the end, after a sharp inhale through the nostrils, he said, ā€œIā€™ll think about it.ā€

An immense weight evaporated off of my chest. I smiled and went to bed happy. The next day when he picked me up from school, my father told me heā€™d decided that I was full of shit. The words ā€œyour feelings donā€™t matterā€ were thrown around at some point.

Secrets either divide or they protect. I have yet to figure out which of these statements is correct.

My grandfather died when I was sixteen. On the plane ride to the funeral, my mother finally clarified my past. ā€œI know your dad only says bad things about his father, but his feelings are more complicated than that. Your grandfather was abused by his stepfather so thatā€™s the only way he knew how to act. He didnā€™t know how to show affection in anything other than material presents, and he didnā€™t know what to do with himself when he was upset. But he really did love your dad, and I know it doesnā€™t seem like it to you, but your dad really loved him too. Itā€™s just hard for people like them to express how they feel.ā€

She said more but I donā€™t remember. I just kept nodding.

Senior year of high school was the first time I ever heard the words used for me. ā€œI know it can be difficult to live in a household with an emotionally abusive parent, but I want you to remember that itā€™s not your fault.ā€

I was sitting in my school counsellorā€™s office. It was a bright afternoon, too bright for the atmosphere of the room. I didnā€™t look her in the eyes; I couldnā€™t. I kept my focus on a spot of sunlight on the wooden coffee table in front of me.

I had opened up to a teacher about my home troubles for the first time. It was the beginning of the school year and I was trying to juggle academics, extracurriculars, college applications, and getting a license. I had to consult my father about my future, which inevitably resulted in tension. The previous night, he had told me to leave the house. Then he apologized a few minutes later. The usual pattern.

The teacher I had spoken to suggested I go see the counsellor, so there I was. It was harder for me to speak than I expected it to be. Iā€™m a writer. Words shouldnā€™t be difficult for me. And yet.

It made sense once she said it, but I had never really considered myself a victim of abuse. I had made my peace with the fact that I didnā€™t have the best relationship with my parents, and I had left it at that. I never liked the word ā€œvictim.ā€ It takes a certain amount of agency away from the person it refers to ā€” someoneĀ that does not perform an action but is performed upon. It is a powerless position, an identity bestowed by others. I never wanted to align myself with such a term.

Just a few weeks before I graduated high school, one of my teachers told me something that has stuck with me. ā€œYouā€™re very emotionally aware for your age, and I think that comes from having to navigate a household you shared with someone who is quite the opposite.ā€

That one simple sentence turned the tables on the status of my victimhood.

I think that forgiveness is an ongoing process. Itā€™s not about looking at the past, shrugging your shoulders, and going, ā€œWell, thatā€™s that.ā€ Itā€™s an active struggle to redefine how you see your own life. I think my childhood will always be a painful memory, and nothing will ever change that. But there is a reason why I describe this period of my life as a constellation: it is an object of projection and an arguably beautiful thing, because in the end, it is the place from which my strength of character comes.

My idea of love might be more broken than most. This I admit. But I would like to think that I am also more aware of my capacityĀ to change than most. Because I have seen myself grow in the short time that has passed after leaving home for college. Every day I find myself flinching a little less when a friend lays an affectionate hand on my shoulder. Every day I find it easier to say ā€œI love youā€ to the people I care about. Every day I feel a new sense of tenderness growing in my heart.

I wrestle with the stars each and every day. If they are the ones that spell out my destiny, then I will use every force in my power to move them towards a better future. Luckily for me, nothing in the universe ever stays the same.

 

Photos by Kaela Smith.Ā 

Sex On SSRIs

ā€œAre you gonna cum?ā€ my partner asks, pausing the throes of passion to show concern. Already tired and sweaty from attempting to do the nasty, I say to him, ā€œJust a little longer. Iā€™m right on the edge!ā€


This continues for what feels like forever before I resign and let my partner cum. I roll off of him, feeling a bit despondent. Sure, the act of sex itself was still a lot of fun, but the connection that flows between a couple when both parties orgasm was one of my favorite parts.

During my time on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, commonly used to treat depression), every time my partner and I had sex, I would be trying to reach climax practically the entire time. I was wet, I was in the mood, and Iā€™d always feel like I was on the brink of something ā€” but no matter how close I thought I was, I could never get there.

I had to accept the fact that this would be my reality while on Paxil.

Paxil seemed to be a worthwhile antidepressant, but the sexual side effect started to drag me down over time. I spent forever reading drug reviews on forums to determine if this was a side effect that would pass with time. The results varied. Ultimately, I knew that my sex life was extremely important to my partner and me. So, I switched to a different medication.

Later, I had mood stabilizers added to my medication regimen. As far as I could tell, they didnā€™t seem to affect me sexually. I could still get in the mood and cum. Nice, I thought, things are finally back to normal. Not long after that, my partner called to check on me one evening when I was on my way home. During the conversation, he asked me a question. ā€œDo you think the mood stabilizers have affected your sex drive? It seems like you havenā€™t been in the mood as often.ā€ Dammit! That lowered libido snuck the hell up on me!

Unfortunately, these arenā€™t uncommon occurrences. According to the CDC, as of 2014, about one in every eight Americans over the age of 12 reported recent antidepressant use. While females more commonly take antidepressants than males, the sexual dysfunction for each sex is just as devastating. Women tend to experience blocked or delayed orgasms, a delay in or lack of natural lubrication, or decreased libido. In men, sexual side effects present themselves through erectile dysfunction (difficulty obtaining an erection), decreased libido, and delayed or blocked orgasms.

The reasons antidepressants tend to cause sexual dysfunction havenā€™t quite been figured out yet, but doctors have compiled a list of antidepressants that tend to be the worst culprits, including Paxil, Lexapro, and Prozac. We should keep in mind that our bodies are all different, so these medicines may not specifically give you sexual dysfunction.

For those who arenā€™t sexually active, donā€™t plan to be sexually active, or arenā€™t interested in sexual activities, these side effects wonā€™t be a hindrance in life. However, for those who enjoy sexual activities or are in a sexually active relationship, an entire portion of their lives can become negatively impacted. Evidently, these medications can inspire sexual stress within both partners.Ā Ā 

In spite of that distress, Iā€™ve seen articles about women resigning to it. They feel that they have to choose between their mental health and their sex lives. It breaks my heart, but I understand it because I was once in a similar position. They go through the process of trying to find the right medication, andĀ ā€” trust me ā€” it can be a long, exasperating process. When they find one that makes them feel like they can function well again, they donā€™t want to let it go. At that point, theyā€™re so exhausted from the struggles with their mental health that theyā€™re willing to try anything.

However, there are also people who are struggling with their mental health who refuse to begin or continue taking antidepressants that may help them because of the rampant reports of sexual dysfunction. Antidepressants could potentially be an important aspect of their recovery process, but they choose to abstain.

In my opinion, a medication that doesnā€™t enhance all of the parts in your life that are most important to you is still not worth taking. A huge part of the recovery and coping process with mental illness is doing what you can personally to live healthily ā€” not trade one demon for another. There shouldnā€™t be a point in your individual process where you find yourself saying, ā€œI experience this shit now, but at least Iā€™m not depressed.ā€ It’s worth fighting for a sex life that satisfies you.Ā 

If you take SSRIs andĀ  are experiencing negative sexual symptoms, talk to your doctor. I know it can feel embarrassing, but it’s there job to make sure you’re as healthy as possible ā€” and for most of us, that includes a fulfilling sex life. Also, keep an open dialogue with your sexual partner(s). Try not to let anyone make you feel guilty for struggling. You can also try different new things on your own or in the bedroom that may work past sexual dysfunction as you get your medications straightened out. It may just be a matter of switching positions or intensity at times.
Be patient and forgiving with yourself.

Above all, do what you feel will benefit you most in the long run, no matter the opinions of others. Thatā€™s what Iā€™m learning to do.


 

For more information on how SSRIs can impact your sex life, click here.

 

First photo by Brianna Saenz, and the following two by Isabelle Abbott.Ā 

 

Why You Can’t Get Over Your Ex, According To Science

 

Ava Answers is a column exploring the science of sex by Ava Mainieri, a PhD student studying womenā€™s health at Harvard University.

 

We all know that crazy ex-girlfriend. Sheā€™s the one used as a punchline at a party because she sent a string of twenty unanswered texts. Sheā€™s the one who showed up at his house, a mess of tears, and forced him to rehash the whole breakup. She’s one who proclaims on all social media platforms how happy she is and then two days later calls him to re-profess her love. I donā€™t need more examples to demonstrate that we live in a society that affirms “bitches be cray.”

If you have ever found yourself obsessing over a breakup, take note: scientists have evidence that your ex-boyfriend can remain part of you long after you toss his toothbrush from your bathroom. This is not some love metaphor, but a biological fact.

During pregnancy, cells from the embryo push their way through the placenta and travel to the motherā€™s uterus, breast, and brain. As the majority of pregnancies are silent and spontaneous miscarriages, women may have multiple men taking residence in their bodies. Donā€™t beat yourself up for obsessing over your ex long after the breakup ā€” heā€™s literally in your brain.

Most women donā€™t even originally know theyā€™re pregnant. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists speculates that approximately 60% of miscarriages occur within the first three months of pregnancy, and that the majority of women donā€™t even know it is happening. They might experience a single missed period or a heavier than usual blood flow. These embryos overwhelmingly have an abnormal amount of chromosomes (the instruction manual needed to form a baby) ā€” a problem that happens just by chance, not because of anything the mother did. But even within those first few weeks, tiny parts from the growing ball of cells (a fetus) can escape the uterus and spread through the motherā€™s body. Scientists call the phenomenon fetal microchimerism, after the Greek mythological animal made up of the head of a goat, body of a lion, and tail of a snake.

These tiny invaders donā€™t just passively enter the motherā€™s body. A recent experiment found that fetal cells can be identified in a womanā€™s body as earlyĀ four to five weeks into pregnancy. Then, the majority actively migrates to the uterus, breasts, and brain. Though many disappear after a few years, some can stick around in the body up to 27 years after pregnancy. A 2012 study dissected brains of around 60 deceased older women and found Y chromosomes (meaning they came from a male pregnancy) in 63% of them. However, these cells were rare ā€” only making up around 1 in every 1000 cells. But fetal cells that had trekked to the brain, developed into healthy brain tissue and the few that traveled to the heart also became heart tissue.

But it is still unclear if these cells act as a motherā€™s tiny helper. Fetal cells have been documented to migrate to damaged organs in a woman where they transform into other tissue cells; hinting that their goal may be to mend and repair. Some of these cells are stem cells, which can turn into many types of different tissues. They have been found in wounds, like caesarian scars and thyroid tumors, which hint at their active assistance in healing. Despite that, other researchers argue these foreign bodies are causing more harm than good. They may contribute to autoimmune disorders and inflammatory responses like Gravesā€™ disease and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Fetal cells may be the culprit to blame in part for higher rates of autoimmunity in women. For example, we have three times higher rates of rheumatoid arthritis than men.

From an evolutionary perspective, it is in the interest of the father to try and manipulate the mother. Because the embryo contains genetic material from both parents, the fetal cells that sneak into the motherā€™s body get half of their instructions from their father. Each babyā€™s chance of surviving is directly tied to the amount of resourcesĀ like blood, sugar, and milk it takes from its mother. Because the man does not know if this will be his only child with a woman, he wants his offspring to receive as much nutrition as possible. Therfore, it’s possible fetal cells could be manipulating their mother to drive up blood flow, milk production, and attention.

Work in my own lab raises the possibility of an even more alluring prospect: fetal cells in the brain may be influencing a womanā€™s emotions and behavior. Because they are primarily found in the hippocampus of a womanā€™s brain, we speculate that they might not only influence bonding between a mother and her child, but possibly between a woman and her mate. You shouldnā€™t really fault yourself for monitoring your exā€™s activity on Instagram ā€” it could be his genetic material behind your obsession.

Whether or not the greater scientific community agrees with this hypothesis is moot. What is important is that scientists are finally giving heartbreak and women’s health the attention it deserves. As late as the 1980s, whenever someone did not want to deal with a womanā€™s emotions or was generally alarmed with her behavior, she was taken to a doctor and diagnosed with hysteria. This “syndrome” acted as a sweeping label for all who felt enraged, depressed, too aroused, not aroused enough, and a slew of other ailments thought to be caused by just being a woman. The word hysteria comes from the Greek ā€˜hysteraā€™ which means uterus, so the condition of hysteria literally meant the misfortune of being a woman.

The peril with feeling crazy is that it discredits us ā€” when we are in an argument, vying for a promotion, or protesting a Supreme Court Justice nomination. It causes us to explain away our emotions instead of scrutinizing them. In scenarios where our voice needs to be heard, it can put the blame on us rather than someone elseā€™s arguable behavior.

Not only is pathologizing womenā€™s emotions demeaning, but it is also scientifically incorrect.

 

 

Second photo by Antonia Adomako.Ā 

 

Tips For Coping With PCOS

ā€œWhatā€™s that?ā€

My mind raced when my OBGYN uttered the words, ā€œPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).ā€ Being the hypochondriac I am, I knew I had encountered this disease before through frantic searches on Google, but like everyone else, I never had sufficient information on it, and I also didnā€™t think it would actually apply to me.

So, what is it?

PCOS is a hormonal imbalance of reproductive hormones. How I like to think about it: excess luteinizing hormones (LH) and a low level of follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) contributes to too many androgens, or male hormones (testosterone). It is fairly common, there are over 200,00 diagnosed cases in the U.S. each year.Ā 

The excess of testosterone manifests in indicators such as my dark, coarse hairy belly and chest ā€” also known as or hirsutism ā€” one of the main symptoms of PCOS.

Another principal symptom is the development of ovarian cysts. I found out that I had PCOS due to cysts on both ovaries. My OBGYN explained that the average ovary appears smooth on an ultrasound. However, what my ultrasound revealed was that the surface of my right ovary had more than twelve, one-centimeter wide cysts. Each cyst has a potential egg thatā€™s trying to develop so that it can be released from the ovary. However, the hormonal imbalance prevents this stage from occurring, ultimately leaving me with a bunch of cysts.

Letā€™s backtrack a little. Firstly, how is PCOS diagnosed?

During your visit, your doctor will conduct various tests such as blood tests and urinalysis. For me, I had a transvaginal pelvic ultrasound and a pelvic exam, where she found multiple cysts on my right ovary.

Being the cautious Sagittarius I am, I went home and immediately began researching how to live with my disorder. So whatā€™s the practical way to deal with PCOS?

1. Birth control.

Birth control is key to control pain and hormonal imbalance. Like most birth control methods, I like to use the famous Reddit term ‘Your Mileage May Vary’ (YMMV). How does YMMV apply to this? A method thatā€™s worked for me may not work for you. My OBGYN put me on a combination pill. The pill has been helpful for me so far, although I get severe pelvic pain at night. Since I get pelvic pain, I just take Ibuprofen (you may know this anti-inflammatory drug as Advil) and use a hot compress. Eventually I want to switch to a hormonal IUD as the risk of developing blood clots remains an issue to me.

 

2. Food consciousness.

I cut out refined sugars. Thatā€™s right, no more midnight trips to the fridge for ice cream. Itā€™s helped me prevent any painful flare-ups. At first, this was unbearable. I have a major sweet tooth and I can consume a whole bag of Reese’s Pieces in a sitting if I wish. However, cutting out refined sugars controls insulin rates and prevents weight gain. Iā€™ve replaced refined sugar with fruits which have natural forms of sugar and fiber to control blood glucose.

Another way of eating Iā€™ve adopted is the ketogenic (keto) diet. The keto diet consists of high-fat and low-carb meals.Why is this helpful? The body can function on fat for energy instead of glucose. A limited carb intake will switch your body to run on fat and stop depending on glucose. The keto diet, as well as other low-carb diets, have been linked to weight loss, reduced blood sugar levels, and reduced inflammation. My go-to keto meal? Chicken, black beans, egg, and avocado.

 

3. Exercise.

I started strength training. I used to hate any form of exercise, but every time I’m at the gym now, time seems to fly by. What are the benefits of strength training for people with PCOS? It lowers androgens, improves insulin resistance, and maintains metabolism rates. Iā€™ve also been doing short, high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the treadmill. For a maximum of 21 minutes, I sprint for a minute and walk for another minute. HIIT improves insulin rates in those with PCOS.

 

4. Mental health.

Mental health is overlooked with PCOS. One of the main symptoms of PCOS is depression. For the past year, Iā€™ve been dealing with depression, mood swings, and high stress. Those with PCOS are more susceptible to the stress hormone cortisol. Why is cortisol harmful? Cortisol can disrupt the menstrual cycle and increase appetite for refined sugars, which in turn, promotes weight gain. See the cycle? To regulate this, Iā€™ve been taking up meditation. Before I go to bed I dedicate fifteen minutes to meditation, whether itā€™s prayer or Zen Buddhism (Zazen). This, in combination with weekly therapy sessions, has reduced my stress levels, and leaves me a bit happier. Therapy has especially helped me identify emotions from problems or stressors and ways to fix problems.

 

For more information on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), clickĀ hereĀ and speakĀ to a medical professional.

 

Photos (in order of appearance) by Cassidy Lavender,Ā Sofia Amburgey, and Nate Jerome.Ā 

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